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Drag and drop table column

Before taking a look at this example, it's recommended to visit this post to know how we can drag and drop element in a list.
The same technique can be applied to the table columns. The basic idea is
Let's get started with the basic markup of table:
<table id="table">
    ...
</table>

Basic setup

As mentioned in the Drag and drop element in a list example, we need handle three events:
Here is the skeleton of these event handlers:
// Query the table
const table = document.getElementById('table');


const mouseDownHandler = function(e) {
    ...


    // Attach the listeners to `document`
    document.addEventListener('mousemove', mouseMoveHandler);
    document.addEventListener('mouseup', mouseUpHandler);
};


const mouseMoveHandler = function(e) {
    ...
};


const mouseUpHandler = function() {
    ...
    // Remove the handlers of `mousemove` and `mouseup`
    document.removeEventListener('mousemove', mouseMoveHandler);
    document.removeEventListener('mouseup', mouseUpHandler);
};


// Query all header cells
table.querySelectorAll('th').forEach(function(headerCell) {
    // Attach event handler
    headerCell.addEventListener('mousedown', mouseDownHandler);
});

Clone the table when user is moving a column

Since this task is performed once, we need a flag to track if it's executed:
let isDraggingStarted = false;


const mouseMoveHandler = function(e) {
    if (!isDraggingStarted) {
        isDraggingStarted = true;


        cloneTable();
    }
    ...
};
cloneTable creates an element that has the same position as the table, and is shown right before the table:
let list;


const cloneTable = function () {
    // Get the bounding rectangle of table
    const rect = table.getBoundingClientRect();


    // Create new element
    list = document.createElement('div');


    // Set the same position as table
    list.style.position = 'absolute';
    list.style.left = `${rect.left}px`;
    list.style.top = `${rect.top}px`;


    // Insert it before the table
    table.parentNode.insertBefore(list, table);


    // Hide the table
    table.style.visibility = 'hidden';
};
Imagine that list consists of items which are cloned from the table columns:
const cloneTable = function() {
    ...


    // Get all cells
    const originalCells = [].slice.call(table.querySelectorAll('tbody td'));


    const originalHeaderCells = [].slice.call(table.querySelectorAll('th'));
    const numColumns = originalHeaderCells.length;


    // Loop through the header cells
    originalHeaderCells.forEach(function(headerCell, headerIndex) {
        const width = parseInt(window.getComputedStyle(headerCell).width);


        // Create a new table from given row
        const item = document.createElement('div');
        item.classList.add('draggable');


        const newTable = document.createElement('table');


        // Header
        const th = headerCell.cloneNode(true);
        let newRow = document.createElement('tr');
        newRow.appendChild(th);
        newTable.appendChild(newRow);


        const cells = originalCells.filter(function(c, idx) {
            return (idx - headerIndex) % numColumns === 0;
        });
        cells.forEach(function(cell) {
            const newCell = cell.cloneNode(true);
            newRow = document.createElement('tr');
            newRow.appendChild(newCell);
            newTable.appendChild(newRow);
        });


        item.appendChild(newTable);
        list.appendChild(item);
    });
};
After this step, we have the following list:
<!-- The list -->
<div>
    <!-- First item -->
    <div>
        <table>
            <!-- The first column of original table -->
            <tr>
                ...
            </tr>
            <tr>
                ...
            </tr>
            ...
        </table>
    </div>


    <!-- Second item -->
    <div>
        <table>
            <!-- The second column of original table -->
            <tr>
                ...
            </tr>
            <tr>
                ...
            </tr>
            ...
        </table>
    </div>


    <!-- ... -->
</div>


<!-- The original table -->
<table>
    ...
</table>
It's worth noting that when cloning cells in each item, we have to set the cell width same as the original cell. So the item looks like the original column completely:
originalHeaderCells.forEach(function(headerCell, headerIndex) {
    // Get the width of original cell
    const width = parseInt(window.getComputedStyle(headerCell).width);


    newTable.style.width = `${width}px`;


    cells.forEach(function(cell) {
        const newCell = cell.cloneNode(true);
        newCell.style.width = `${width}px`;
        ...
    });
});

Determine the indexes of dragging and target columns

let draggingEle; // The dragging element
let draggingRowIndex; // The index of dragging column


const mouseDownHandler = function (e) {
    // Get the index of dragging column
    draggingColumnIndex = [].slice.call(table.querySelectorAll('th')).indexOf(e.target);
};


const mouseMoveHandler = function (e) {
    if (!isDraggingStarted) {
        cloneTable();


        // Query the dragging element
        draggingEle = [].slice.call(list.children)[draggingColumnIndex];
    }
};


const mouseUpHandler = function () {
    // Get the end index
    const endColumnIndex = [].slice.call(list.children).indexOf(draggingEle);
};
As we have draggingColumnIndex and endColumnIndex, it's now easy to check if user drops to the left or right of table. And we can decide how to move the target column before or after the dragging column:
const mouseUpHandler = function () {
    // Move the dragged column to `endColumnIndex`
    table.querySelectorAll('tr').forEach(function (row) {
        const cells = [].slice.call(row.querySelectorAll('th, td'));
        draggingColumnIndex > endColumnIndex
            ? cells[endColumnIndex].parentNode.insertBefore(cells[draggingColumnIndex], cells[endColumnIndex])
            : cells[endColumnIndex].parentNode.insertBefore(
                  cells[draggingColumnIndex],
                  cells[endColumnIndex].nextSibling
              );
    });
};
Following is the final demo. Try to drag and drop the first cell of any column.

Demo

Drag and drop table column

See also

Drag and drop element in a list
Drag and drop table row